Corni
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Cryptodiaporthe corni is the causal agent of a destructive disease called golden canker, which affects Cornus alternifolia, known as the pagoda or alternate-leaved dogwood. Due to the association between Cr. corni and pagoda dogwood, we sought to determine whether this fungus was capable of living as an endophyte in pagoda dogwood and causing this disease. Forty asymptomatic stems of plants growing in nature were sampled from five sites across Minnesota. Cryptodiaporthe corni was present in more than half (62.5%) of the stems. Asymptomatic nursery material also was sampled, and the fungus was isolated from a small percentage (20%) of them. Inoculations carried out in the field and greenhouse suggested the endophytic isolates of Cr. corni were capable of causing disease. Asymptomatic stems of trees in the field inoculated with non-colonized (control) grain seed developed golden canker as frequently as those inoculated with grain seed colonized by Cr. corni, suggesting that the fungus was already present in these plants. In greenhouse pathogenicity trials an isolate of Cr. corni obtained from an asymptomatic stem was capable of causing golden canker disease, thus demonstrating causality, fulfilling Koch's postulates. The taxonomic placement of Cr. corni within Cryphonectriaceae was determined. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS rDNA and β-tubulin gene regions, along with morphological characteristics, suggested Cr. corni is distinct from other genera within this family. Therefore, we propose a new genus, Aurantioporthe, as well as the new combination, A. corni, to accommodate this species within Cryphonectriaceae.
Corni fructus has been used as a tonic, analgesic, and diuretic in Korean herbal medicine. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidative effect of corni fructus and its capacity to protect cells against oxidative damage. The radical scavenging activity of corni fructus extracts was measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the antioxidant activity was determined by measuring the peroxide value in a linoleic acid emulsion system. In addition, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with corni fructus extracts and incubated with H(2)O(2) to investigate protection against apoptosis induction. Both ethanol and water extracts of corni fructus produced higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts. Strong antioxidative activities of both water and ethanol extracts were observed in an emulsion system containing linoleic acid and phosphate buffer. The incubation of HUVECs with the addition of ethanol extract significantly decreased H(2)O(2)-initiated damage of endothelial cells, but the water extract did not. The pretreatment with ethanol extract, but not with water extract, significantly decreased apoptotic damage of the H(2)O(2)-treated HUVECs and kept the morphological normality. This study demonstrates that corni fructus is a potent antioxidant substance, and suggests that further investigation is needed to characterize the difference between extract types and to identify its antioxidant compounds.
Corni fructus is consumed as food and herbal medicine in Chinese culture. Studies have revealed that corni fructus exhibits potent antioxidant activity; however, few studies have investigated the ability of corni fructus to lower uric acid concentrations. In this study, the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition and uric acid-lowering effect of corni fructus extract (CFE) were evaluated in mice with potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia. Hyperuricemia is a chronic disease prevalent worldwide and is associated with high recurrence rates. In addition, drugs used to treat hyperuricemia induce side effects that discourage patient compliance. Hyperuricemia induces metabolic imbalances resulting in accumulative uric acid deposition in the joints and soft tissues. Hyperuricemia not only induces gout but also interrupts hepatic and renal function, thereby trigging severe inflammation and various complications, including obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and metabolic diseases. In this study, the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of CFE resulted in yields of antioxidant photochemical components significantly higher than those of CFEs formed using other substances. The EAF of CFE exhibited high free radical scavenging activity and XO inhibition and effectively lowered uric acid concentrations in the animal model of chemically induced hyperuricemia. The results of this study can serve as a reference for the prevention of preclinical gout as well as for functional food research.
Search this siteAnoeciinae : Anoeciinae : Anoecia corni Anoecia corniCommon dogwood-grass aphidOn this page: Identification & DistributionBiology & EcologyOn spring hostOn summer hostOn autumn hostOther aphids on the same hostDamage & ControlIdentification & DistributionIn spring on dogwood (Cornus) the apterous fundatrices of Anoecia corni are dark brown or blackish (see first picture below). They have reduced eyes and 5-segmented antennae, whereas subsequent generations have large compound eyes and 6-segmented antennae. The siphunculi of all Anoecia corni forms are reduced to inconspicuous pores. Winged forms, both spring migrants and the sexuparae returning to Cornus in autumn (see second picture below), have a large black pterostigmal spot on the forewing, and a white band bordering the dark patch on abdominal tergites III-VI (cf. Anoecia vagans which has no dark dorsal abdominal patch).
It is difficult to separate the apterae of Anoecia corni from two other Anoecia species that (may) occur on dogwood, but the alates may be distinguished by examining their antennae (see micrographs below showing the alate Anoecia corni and a close-up of the antenna). The 5th and 6th antennal segments of Anoecia corni alates both have secondary rhinaria (c.f. Anoecia vagans which has none on those segments). The third antennal segment of Anoecia corni has 9-17 secondary rhinaria (c.f. Anoecia major which has 13-22 secondary rhinaria on that segment). The body length of winged forms is quite variable, ranging from 1.9-3.0 mm. The third picture above shows a colony of Anoecia corni on its secondary host - roots of grasses, attended by the common black ant Lasius niger.
Patients with bullous keratopathy (BK) treated by Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) have a compromised cornea, due to the administration of topical steroid, postsurgical use of contact lenses, and impaired barrier function of the corneal epithelium by BK. We report a case of Exophiala lecanii-corni (E lecanii-corni) keratitis presenting as a serpiginous pigmented superficial lesion after DSAEK.
Parthenolecanium corni is similar to P. fletcheri (Cockerell) and P. quercifex (Fitch) but differs from the former by having dorsal tubular ducts (normally lacking in P. fletcheri) and differs from the latter by usually having submarginal tubercles (normally lacking in P. quercifex).
How is this helpful Well, it shows you the anagrams of corni scrambled in different ways and helps you recognize the set of letters more easily. It will help you the next time these letters, C O R N I come up in a word scramble game.
As a native insect, multiple natural enemies are reported for this species. If a heavy population of P. corni is detected and cannot be tolerated, first select reduced risk chemical management options that will preserve natural enemies. Some examples include Blastothrix spp. (a chalcid wasp parasitoid; Agwoska, 1987 and Blahutiak, 1973), and multiple species of parasitic wasps in the following families: Aphelinidae, Encyrtidae, and Pteromalidae. Additional other predators and parasitoids of European fruit lecanium are also found in the families: Anthribidae, Chamaemyiidae, Chrysopidae, Coccinellidae, and Noctuidae (Source: Scalenet).
Cook emirates macaroni corniin a boiling water, (1 lt. Water 100 gm. Cornil) add salt to taste. Stir occasionally and cook until tender. Drain well and serve immediatly with the souce of your taste. Also best with meat and vegetables. 59ce067264